Understanding Risk Tolerance: Are You a Risk Seeker or a Risk Mitigator?

In financial planning and investment, two often-confused terms, risk tolerance and risk capacity, actually refer to different aspects of managing risk. Risk tolerance is an individual’s comfort level with the ups and downs of investing, while risk capacity is the objective ability to take on financial risk without jeopardising essential goals.

Investors approach risk in varying ways. Some actively pursue high-risk investments, motivated by the potential for substantial returns, while others prefer to reduce risk, focusing on safeguarding their assets. Recognising where you fall on this spectrum, whether as a risk seeker or a risk mitigator, is crucial for building an investment strategy that reflects both your financial objectives and your comfort with uncertainty.

When adjusting your investment strategy for higher returns, it’s important to consider how you’ll feel during market volatility. Investments generally fall into two categories: high-risk, high-reward assets (stocks, cryptocurrencies) and low-risk, low-reward assets (bonds, savings accounts). Balancing risk with your financial goals and risk tolerance is key.

Investors with a higher risk tolerance may allocate more to assets like peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, which offers higher returns but comes with greater volatility and credit risk. While riskier, P2P lending can be highly rewarding for those managing their exposure effectively.

Know How Much Risk You Can Afford

Unlike your comfort with taking risks, your ability to handle them can change based on your financial situation. While comfort is personal, financial ability depends on an objective look at several factors, including:

Liquidity Needs

A person’s ability to take on risk usually decreases as the need for cash for a specific goal gets closer. The nearer they are to needing the money, the less it makes sense to risk it by investing in stocks or bonds that could be at a low point when sold.

Let’s have a look at this example for a clearer understanding,

Imagine Sarah has RM50,000 saved, and she plans to use this money to buy a car in two years. If she invests this RM50,000 in stocks, there’s a chance the market could dip right before she needs the money. Let’s break down the potential outcomes:

If the market increases by 10% in those two years: Sarah’s investment could grow to around RM55,000, which would give her a nice boost towards her car purchase.

If the market decreases by 10% in those two years: Sarah’s investment would drop to RM45,000, which is RM5,000 less than she started with. She would then need to save more or delay her car purchase.

In Sarah’s case, investing in a P2P (peer-to-peer) financing platform could offer a more predictable return compared to the stock market. However, she has to choose a reputable platform, opt in for lower risk investments and diversify to reduce risk.

Time Horizon

Your time horizon plays a big role in your ability to take on risk. If you have several years before you need the money, you can handle more risk because you have time to recover from market ups and downs. 

Let’s look at another example where Sara is planning to save for retirement, which is 20 years away.

Time Horizon: 20 years 

Risk Tolerance: With many years to go, she can take on more risk because she has time to recover from market fluctuations.

Investment Choice: Sarah invests in growth stocks or high-yield bonds, aiming for higher returns.

Potential Outcome: If the market performs well, her investment grows significantly. The risk of market downturns is higher, but with a long time horizon, she can recover from these fluctuations over time.

Failing to Diversify Investments

Risk plays an important role in how people make investment choices. It affects the types of investments they select and how they manage their portfolios. Research shows that investors who are willing to take on more risk usually put about 60-70% of their money in stocks or other high-risk investments. On the other hand, those who are more risk-averse tend to invest 80-90% in safer options like bonds and savings accounts​.

Behavioural biases, such as loss aversion and overconfidence, also play a key role in how investors approach risk. These biases can cause individuals to misjudge risk, either underestimating potential downsides or overestimating the probability of gains. Studies show that investors with different risk perceptions, shaped by their experiences and demographics, approach investment decisions differently, influencing the overall portfolio composition​.

Understanding the relationship between risk and investment decision-making is crucial for developing an investment strategy tailored to individual financial goals and time horizons. Risk management techniques, along with a clear understanding of risk appetite, can help investors optimise returns while mitigating unnecessary exposure to market uncertainties​.

Interested to learn more about our P2P Investment Platform?

*This article is not meant to recommend CapBay products or be used as a tool to make any investment or financial decisions. Product recommendations must be independently evaluated before you invest. Any product recommendation by CapBay must not be regarded as financial planning or financial advice.